(Amasannyalaze Amangi agakozesebwa buli Ttani y'obuwunga? Tomala ganenya musolo gwa masannyalaze-90% ku byuma bibonaabona ne "Poor Equipment Matching")
Mu mbeera ya leero ey'okusoomoozebwa ey'obuwunga obunafu n'ebbeeyi y'eŋŋaano ennene, ebbeeyi y'amasannyalaze erinnya obutasalako efuuka "essubi erisembayo" eri ebyuma bingi eby'obuwunga. Abaddukanya ebyuma batera okukizuula nti wadde ng’ebintu ebikolebwa biteredde, ssente z’amasannyalaze buli mwezi zisigala zirinnya.
Buli muntu bw'assa essira ku "peak-shifting production" ne "replaceing with high-efficiency motors," batera okubuusa amaaso ekizibu ekisinga okukwekebwa era eky'ebbeeyi munda mu kyuma: okukwatagana kw'ebyuma okutali kwa magezi n'emiwendo gy'emigugu emitono.
Kiba ng'okukaka omuntu omukulu okudduka emisinde gya marathon mu ngatto z'abaana-tezijja kukoma ku kuba mpola, naye era zijja kumalawo amaanyi ag'ekitalo.
1. Omutemu w'amasannyalaze agakwekeddwa: Ekintu "Embalaasi Ennene Nga Esika Akagaali Akatono".
Bw’otambula mu kisenge kya roller mill eky’ebyuma ebisinga obungi eby’obuwunga, ojja kulaba anomaly eya bulijjo: nameplate power rating eri waggulu, naye operating current yennyini eri wansi nnyo ku rated current.
"Embalaasi Ennene Okusika Akagaali Akatono" kye ki?
Okugizannya nga tewali bulabe, amatendekero agakola dizayini oba bannannyini yo batera okwongerako omugatte omunene ogw’obukuumi mu kiseera ky’okulonda ebyuma. Okugeza, ekyuma ekiyitibwa roller mill kiyinza okwetaaga mmotoka ya kW 30 zokka, naye okukwata "overload shocks" eziteeberezebwa oba okussa sipeeya ku mutindo, mu kifo ky'ekyo kiteekebwamu mmotoka ya kW 45 oba wadde 55.
Kiki ekisaasaanyizibwa?
Okufiirwa Ekyuma Bulijjo:Kasita mmotoka eba n’amaanyi era ng’ekyukakyuka (oba wansi w’omugugu oba nedda), okufiirwa kwa eddy current n’okufiirwa kwa hysteresis mu iron core bisigala nga tebikyukakyuka. Motoka ya kW 55 erina okufiirwa kw’omugugu okungi ennyo okusinga mmotoka ya kW 30.
Ensonga y’Amaanyi Embi:Motoka bw’ekola ku mugugu omutono (mu ngeri entuufu wansi wa 40% ku mugugu ogugereddwa), ensonga y’amaanyi ekka nnyo. Kino kitegeeza nti amaanyi mangi gawanyisiganyizibwa okudda n’okudda wakati wa giridi ne mmotoka, nga tegakola mulimu gwa mugaso-naye nga gakyawandiikibwa ku ssente zo ez’amasannyalaze.
Obulung’amu obutono:Entikko y’obulungi bwa mmotoka ebaawo mu 75%-100% load range. Omugugu bwe gukka wansi wa 50%, obulungi bukendeera nnyo. Mu kiseera kino, mmotoka ekola nnyo ng’ekyuma ekibugumya ekitali ddungi okusinga ensibuko y’amaanyi.
2. Okufiirwa kw'ebyuma okubuusibwa amaaso: Belt Drive "Energy Theft".
Okusukka ku mmotoka yennyini, omutendera gw’okutambuza amaanyi nagwo kitundu kya buzibu kinene. Ebyuma by’obuwunga ebisinga bikyakozesa nnyo emisipi gya V-.
Omutego gw’obulungi bw’ebivuga by’omusipi:
Omusipi omupya gulina obulungi bw’okutambuza ebintu nga 95%-98%. Kyokka, emisipi bwe gikaddiwa, gye gigolola, era nga giseerera okumala ekiseera, obulungi buyinza okukka85% oba n’okusingawo.
Enzirukanya Embi ey'okusika omuguwa okusukka-:Okusobola okuziyiza omusipi okuseerera, abakozi abaddaabiriza batera okunyweza emisipi ekisusse. Okusika kuno okuyitiridde kwongera okufiirwa okusikagana ku bbeeri zombi ez’omu maaso eza mmotoka ne bbeeri za roller, ekivaako okubuguma ennyo, okuvunda kwa giriisi, n’okulinnya okw’amaanyi mu kufiirwa kw’okusikagana okw’ebyuma.
Obutakwatagana bwa sipiidi ya Belt Pulleys:Emisipi mingi bwe gikozesebwa nga gikwatagana, okwambala okutali kwa kyenkanyi kuyinza okuleeta enjawulo mu sipiidi ya layini. Emisipi egimu gimaliriza nga "gisimbuddwa," ne gitondekawo kasasiro w'amasoboza ag'omunda.
Okugeraageranya Ebiwandiiko:Okukyusa emisipi gya V- egya bulijjo n’emisipi egya V- emifunda egy’obulungi bwa waggulu oba emisipi egy’okukwatagana kiyinza okulongoosa obulungi bw’okutambuza ebitundu 5%-8%. Ku kyuma ekiyitibwa roller mill ekya kW 22, kino kitegeeza nti okekkereza kumpi kWh 10,000 buli mwaka.
3. Ekikulu Okumenyawo: Okukozesa VFD n’okutereeza sipiidi
Mu byuma by'obuwunga bingi, Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) zikozesebwa nga "soft starters" zokka-okusaasaanya obusobozi bungi. Omusingi omukulu ogwa tekinologiya wa VFD gwe guno:okufuula amaanyi ga mmotoka agafuluma okukwatagana ddala n’amaanyi gennyini ageetaagisa omugugu.
Oyinza otya okukendeeza ku masannyalaze agakozesebwa nga okozesa VFDs?
1. Omugugu-Okutereeza okukyusakyusa mu byuma ebizingulula
Ebyuma eby’ennono ebiyitibwa roller mills bidduka ku sipiidi etakyukakyuka, awatali kulowooza ku nkyukakyuka y’ebintu. Nga oyingiza VFD n’okulondoola current ya roller mill (load signal), osobolareal-time tereeza sipiidi ya motor y'emmere, obaokukwatagana ddala n’embiro ezisinga obulungi ez’okumpiokusinziira ku nsengeka ez’enjawulo ez’omuzingo ogwa fluted/smooth.
Ensonga: Okukulukuta kw'ebintu okutuuka ku mizingo gy'okukendeeza ku mukira-enkomerero bwe kukendeera, VFD ekendeeza ku sipiidi y'omuliisa mu ngeri ey'otoma, okulemesa "okusiiga okutaliiko kye kukola." Kino tekikoma ku kukuuma bulungi bwa bran naye era kikendeeza butereevu ku masannyalaze agatali ga -load.
2. Okufuga Puleesa (Static Pressure Control) ku nkola z’empewo
Enkola y’okutambuza empewo y’esinga okukozesa amaanyi. Engeri ey'ekinnansi ey'okulungamya okutambula kw'empewo kwe kuggulawo/kuggalawo dampers-ezenkanankana ne "okussa ng'onyiga ennyindo," nga mmotoka ekyakola ku mugugu omujjuvu.
VFD Solution: Teeka sensa ya puleesa mu mudumu gw’empewo. Obuziyiza bw’omusengejja/omukung’aanya w’enfuufu bweyongera oba ekifo ekisonseka bwe kizibikira, VFD ekendeeza ku sipiidi ya ffaani (okusinga okuggala damper).
Enkola y’okukekkereza amaanyi: Okusinziira ku mateeka agakwata ku nkolagana y’abawagizi, .okutambula kw’empewo kugeraageranye ne sipiidi, ate amaanyi gageraageranye ne kiyubu ya sipiidi. Okukendeeza ku sipiidi ebitundu 10% mu ndowooza kikendeeza ku maanyi ebitundu 27%. Kino kiwa ebivaamu eby'amangu okusinga enkola endala yonna ey'okukekkereza amaanyi-.
3. Okwewala kasasiro wa "Regenerative Energy" (Common DC Bus Technology) .
Mu byuma ebinene eby’obuwunga, ebyuma ebikuba buleeki ennyo (nga okufuna pit drag conveyors, oba inertia ya plansifters nga ziyimiridde) bikola amaanyi agazza obuggya. Okuyita mu nkola ya bbaasi ya DC eya bulijjo, amaanyi agakolebwa nga buleeki ku mmotoka emu gasobola okuweebwa butereevu ku mmotoka endala egenda egenda ku sipiidi, okutuuka ku kuddamu okukola munda. Tekinologiya ono akuze mu byuma by’obuwunga ebya waggulu-, akekkereza ebitundu 5%-10% mu masannyalaze.
4. Enteekateeka y’emitendera esatu-Enkola: Olukalala lw’ebikolwa okukendeeza ku masannyalaze agakozesebwa buli Ttani y’obuwunga
Singa amaanyi g’ekyuma kyo gasukka kWh 70 buli ttani y’obuwunga (ekigero ky’amakolero mu kusiba eŋŋaano kiri ku kWh 65-75/ttani, okusinziira ku mutindo gw’okuggyamu ebintu) era ne gasigala nga gali waggulu mu ngeri ey’obukakanyavu, teeka mu nkola emitendera gino esatu amangu ddala:
Omutendera 1: Omutindo gwonna-Ekimera "Okukebera obulamu".
Kozesa mita ya clamp okupima current ya phase ssatu-ya buli motor edduka. Bala Omuwendo gw’Omugugu=(Ensimbi ezipimiddwa / Akasannyalazo akagereddwa) × 100%.
Okikolwa:Motoka yonna erimu omugugu ogw'ekiseera ekiwanvu-nga wansi wa 45% erina okuteekebwa ku "olukalala lw'okukyusa." Mu kiseera ky’okuddaabiriza okutegekeddwa, zikyuseemu ne mmotoka ezikola obulungi YE4 oba YE5 ezirina sayizi entuufu.
Omutendera 2: "Optimization Season" ku nkola za Drive
Kikyuseemu emisipi gya V- egya bulijjo egyakaddiwa gyonna n’emisipi egy’amannyo agakwatagana. Emisipi egya synchronous gyetaaga okusika omuguwa okutono, girina zero slip, gituuka ku bulungibwansi bw’okutambuza obusukka mu 98%, era gikendeeza ku kwambala kwa bbeeri.
Teekawo "Enkola y'okukebera okusika omuguwa kw'omusipi." Kozesa ettaala ya strobe oba tension gauge okukebera okunywezebwa. Gaana enkola enkambwe eya "kisinga okunywezebwa ennyo okusinga okusumululwa ennyo."
Omutendera 3: Teeka VFDs ku Byuma Ebikulu
Ekintu eky’okukulembeza 1:Abawagizi b’okukung’aanya enfuufu (amaanyi mangi, obusobozi bw’okutereeza obw’amaanyi).
Ekintu eky’okubiri eky’okukulembeza:Tail-end roller mills (okukyukakyuka kw’ebintu okw’amaanyi, ebiseera ebiwanvu nga tewali-omugugu).
Ekintu eky’okukulembeza 3:Screw conveyors / drag chain conveyors (wewale full-speed idling nga okutambula kw’ebintu kutambulatambula).
Mu bufunzi
Mu mulimu gw’okusiba obuwunga ogw’ennaku zino ogulimu okuvuganya okw’amaanyi, buli kilowatt-essaawa eterekebwa amagoba amayonjo.Okukendeeza ku maanyi agakozesebwa buli ttani y'obuwunga si kusika kkomo ly'ebyuma byo-kikwata ku kukakasa nti buli mmotoka, buli musipi, ne buli roller ekola mu "optimal efficiency zone" yaayo.
Suula endowooza ya "embalaasi ennene okusika akagaali akatono", era mukwate okukwatagana okutuufu-guno gwe musingi ogusinga okunywevu ebyuma by'obuwunga okusobola okuwangaala n'okukulaakulana mu mulembe gw'ebbeeyi y'amasannyalaze eyali waggulu.
(Weetegereze: Ebipimo ebitongole eby’okuzzaawo VFD n’okubalirira obunene bwa mmotoka birina okusinziira ku kwekenneenya okw’ekikugu okw’ekifaananyi ky’enkola y’ekyuma kyo n’omuwendo gw’ebyuma.)
